Promoting and marketing locally producedCertified Wildlife Friendly® products including beautiful handmade papers, woven nettle and hemp fabric and products,and essential oils, have greatly benefited marginalized community groups, helping them to fight poverty and improve their standard of living, while protecting the extraordinary biodiversity of the region. Iteroparous animals must, by definition, survive over multiple seasons (or periodic condition changes). UK: ITNC. March 15, 2009 They are sandy brown in color, with slightly darker rumps and limbs. March 17, 2009 Online Burma/Myanmar Library. Members of this species are thought to use latrine sites and other strong-smelling secretions to mark their territory. They may travel 3 to 7 km per night, but they always return to their usual territories by daybreak. 2005. Himalayan musk deer (Moschus leucogaster ; hereafter musk deer) are endangered as a result of poaching and habitat loss. In addition, where Nepal borders Tibet, there is cross-border illegal trade in wildlife parts. Around 6 months of age, young Himalayan musk deer are weaned and able to consume food from their surroundings, becoming completely independent. All rights reserved. Track our progress by signing up for our occasional news blast. Es ist an den südlichen Hängen des Himalayas im nordwestlichen und nordöstlichen Indien, in Nepal und Bhutan verbreitet. (Nyambayar, et al., 2008), Himalayan musk deer attempt to conceal themselves within vegetation to avoid predators. Local communities are highly dependent on forests for their daily livelihood support. Himalayan musk deer (Moschus leucogaster). Nyambayar, B., H. Mix, K. Tsytsulina. Acia Theriologica Sinica, 15/3: 181-197. IUCN Status: Endangered. Himalayan musk deer (Moschus leucogaster); hereafter musk deer) are endangered as a result of poaching and habitat loss. Creature Profile . The dull brown color of their coats minimizes their chance of detection. Disclaimer: Himalayan musk deer (Moschus leucogaster; hereafter musk deer) are endangered as a result of poaching and habitat loss. Musk deer (Moschus spp.) We provide a complete mitogenome of M. leucogaster and examine its phylogenetic position with other seven Artiodactyla … Synapomorphy of the Bilateria. On the issue of illegal wildlife trade, community forest user groups can now levy and enforce sanctions for illegal hunting, killing or harvesting of wildlife. Tel: +977-1-4386690 (in Nepal), “Wildlife Friendly® is a brand consumers trust to make choices that conserve nature - priceless!”- Dr. David Wilkie. gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate), body parts are source of valuable material, Status and distribution of Himalayan Musk deer ‘Moschus chrysogaster’ in Annapurna Conservation Area of Manang District, Nepal, Mammal Species of the World. Timmins, R., J. Duckworth. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed). Moschus leucogaster (Himalayan musk deer) Status. ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. An animal that eats mainly plants or parts of plants. Some cervids, including the Himalayan musk deer, tend to designate certain areas as latrines, choosing a spot used only for deification. Solukhumbu Bezirk. Read More. communicates by producing scents from special gland(s) and placing them on a surface whether others can smell or taste them, breeding is confined to a particular season, reproduction that includes combining the genetic contribution of two individuals, a male and a female. As a result forest coverage has increased substantially over the last 10 years improving habitat for wildlife. Jaclyn Plummer (author), Northern Michigan University, John Bruggink (editor), Northern Michigan University, Gail McCormick (editor), Animal Diversity Web Staff. Moschus leucogaster – Himalayan Musk deer. Convergent in birds. At market, 1 kg of musk can be worth $45,000 USD, a figure which increases as species populations decrease. Himalayan musk deer, however, tire easily, usually after 200 to 300 m of running. However, musk deer establish and repeatedly use the same latrines for defecation. found in the oriental region of the world. (On-line). While protecting their territory, which encompasses the home ranges of several females, males fight one another using their long canine teeth as weapons. April 25, 2009 The species is nocturnal, crepuscular, and elu-sive, making direct observation of habitat use and behavior difficult. They can jump as far as 6 m, which is advantageous when being chased by slower predators. Himalayan musk deer have a distinctive bounding gait. National Science Foundation Contributor Galleries Mammal Species of the World. Himalayan musk deer mate between November and January, although some females may not mate until March. Click below to learn about how we are helping. 46, No. Greater crown cover and shrub diversity were associated with the presence of musk deer whereas tree height, diameter and diversity were weakly correlated. Accessed January 16, 2021 at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Moschus_leucogaster/. Young deer nurse from their mothers when necessary but otherwise stay in hiding, unaccompanied by either parent. The male's musk sac is key in attracting females during the mating season; the sac emanates a strong smell meant to lure the females from hiding. This terrestrial biome includes summits of high mountains, either without vegetation or covered by low, tundra-like vegetation. 2018;1–15. Certified Wildlife Friendly® Enterprises that Help Conserve Himalayan Musk Deer, Click below to learn about how we are helping. April 25, 2009 Ecology and Evolution. (Groves, et al., 1995; Wilson and Reeder, 2005), During the mating season, male Himalayan musk deer become anxious, competitive, and eat little. Ungulates of the World. "Moschus leucogaster" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Dieses Stockfoto: Himalayan Musk Deer (Moschuss Leucogaster) im Lebensraum. Photo Credits, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/pollinator/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/jaguar/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/tiger/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/lion-tailed-macaque/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/himalayan-serow/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/asian-elephant/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/sea-turtle/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/south-american-sea-lion/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/southern-right-whale/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/southern-elephant-seal/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/magellanic-penguin/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/huemul/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/grizzly-bear/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/himalayan-yak/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/wolf/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/snow-leopard/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/black-rhino/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/darwins-or-lesser-rhea/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/red-panda/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/puma/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/paujil-de-pico-azul/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/palawan-water-monitor-lizard/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/lion/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/leopard/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/lemurs-including-indri/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/himalayan-musk-deer/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/guanaco/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/mountain-gorilla/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/giant-ibis/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/african-elephant/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/bald-eagle/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/coyote/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/cotton-top-tamarin/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/cheetah/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/bobcat/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/black-bear/, https://wildlifefriendly.org/specie/andean-cat/, The Jacob A. Stein Fund for People & Wildlife. March 15, 2009 Accessed Tweet; Description: Rare, elusive and endangered, the Musk Deer is one of the most fascinating species of Deer found in the southern slopes of Himalayas. (On-line). Green, M. 1978. Accordingly, they eat grasses, forbs, mosses, lichen, twigs, shoots, and plant leaves. Himalayan musk deer (Moschus leucogaster) is considered endangered by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and is under Schedule-I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, because of its illicit hunting for musk as well as habitat loss. "Family Moschidae" Selection of latrine sites by Himalayan musk deer (Moschus leucogaster) in Neshyang Valley, Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. HBTL Catalogue and Brochure can be downloaded here and here They are ruminants, so they can quickly leave feeding grounds if threatened and further digest their food at a later time when safe from harm. Moschustiere (Moschus) Art: Himalaya-Moschustier Wissenschaftlicher Name; Moschus leucogaster: Hodgson, 1839 Das Himalaya-Moschustier (Moschus leucogaster) ist eine Art der Moschustiere (Moschidae). Because Himalayan musk deer roam at elevations higher than 2,500 m, their habitat predominantly consists of vegetation typical of alpine regions. Predators include leopard, lynx, yellow-throated marten, red fox, grey wolf, wild dogs, and humans. Grants DRL 0089283, DRL 0628151, DUE 0633095, DRL 0918590, and DUE 1122742. Himalayan musk deer also have gall bladders, a characteristic that distinguishes musk deer from other deer. The species is nocturnal, crepuscular, and elusive, making direct observation of habitat use and behavior difficult. 2009. Seeds are moved as deer forage and also may cling to their fur. While ADW staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable, we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control. Himalayan Musk Deer (Moschus leucogaster) Population Trend: Decreasing. Oxford: Alden Press. This material is based upon work supported by the Accessed The rounded backs and long alert ears of the Himalayan musk deer contribute to their "hare-like" resemblance. at http://www.arkive.org/himalayan-musk-deer/moschus-leucogaster. Cite this page along with its URL as: Bayani, A. Threats to native wildlife include unsustainable use of non-timber forest products which degrades habitat upon which wildlife depend. The Himalayan Musk Deer (Moschus leucogaster) is a species of concern belonging in the species group "mammals" and found in the following area(s): China (Tibet), southern slopes of the Himalayas. March 17, 2009 Accessed (Aryal, 2005), The musk sac of male musk deer is highly sought after by humans. Himalayan musk deer make a double hiss sound when alarmed and may even scream when wounded. 2005. Because it is difficult to distinguish Himalayan musk deer from similar species such as Moschus chrysogaster, the exact rates of their population declines are debatable. 2008. Around 25 g of musk can be extracted from a single musk sac. at http://books.google.com/books?id=726qparJDBgC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=himalayan+musk+deer&source=bl&ots=tbhxfDClJ_&sig=_1yJ8yJ2YH9e4Y1Y2lJdF1QT7hc&hl=en&ei=CNK9Sa_qMoTFnQfe2LihBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=5&ct=result#PPA62,M1. [1] Ursprünglich nahm man an, dass sie mit den Hirschen verwandt sind: In älterer Literatur wurden sie oft als Moschushirsche bezeichnet und als ursprüngliche Unterfamilie der Hirsche angesehen. Himalayan BioTrade (HBTL) Common name: Himalayan Musk Deer: Latin name: Moschus leucogaster Hodgson: Local name: Kastura: IUCN/WPA/Indian status: Endangered/locally common: Social unit: Solitary, except when female is with young: Size / weight: HBL: 86-100 cm, HAS: 50 cm. © Copyright 2015. This secretion also deters rivals during the breeding season. The gestation period is 185 to 195 days. We conducted transect surveys in central Nuristan and confirmed the presence of musk deer Moschus cupreus > 60 years after the last documented observation of the species in Afghanistan. at http://www.itnc.org/FinalReportonMuskdeerManang.pdf. One to two young are typically born between May and June and nurse from their mother for about 2 months. Moschus leucogaster. mtDNA confirms the presence of Moschus leucogaster (Ruminantia, Moschidae) in Gaurishankar Conservation Area, Nepal Musk deer (genus Moschus), an endangered mammal, is not only of great concern for its conservation, but also of great interest to understand its taxonomic and phylogenetic associations in Nepal.The aim of this study was to identify the taxonomic status of musk deer … Large birds of prey also occasionally kill young musk deer. "Moschus moschiferus" The musk produced by this genus of primitive deer is highly valued for its cosmetic and alleged pharmaceutical properties, and can fetch U.S.$45,000 per kilogram on the international market. More Taxa Info; Guides; Places; Site Stats; Help; Video Tutorials; Log In or Sign Up (Green, 1978; "Himalayan musk deer (Moschus moschiferus moschiferus)", 2010), Himalayan musk deer have a highly acute sense of smell. The species is nocturnal, crepuscular, and elusive, making direct observation of habitat use and behavior difficult. Himalayan musk deer (Moschus leucogaster; hereafter musk deer) are endangered as a result of poaching and habitat loss. They are also alerted danger through their good sense of hearing. This mountainous species is accustomed to navigating moderately to very steep slopes. Musk deer can refer to any one, or all seven, of the species that make up Moschus, the only extant genus of the family Moschidae. Himalayan birch (Betula utilis) dominated forest, mixed Himalayan fir (Abies spectabilis) and birch forest were preferred over pure Himalayan fir and blue pine (Pinus wallichiana) forest. Verbreitungsgebiet des Himalaya-Moschustiers. animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature. (Nyambayar, et al., 2008), Himalayan musk deer are solitary, terricolous creatures that usually try to conceal themselves in vegetation. having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves. at http://www.burmalibrary.org/reg.burma/archives/200010/msg00023.html. (On-line). Johns Hopkins University: Johns Hopkins University Press. (2018). Care 4 Nature. Young deer become sexually mature by 16 to 24 months of age. Endothermy is a synapomorphy of the Mammalia, although it may have arisen in a (now extinct) synapsid ancestor; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities. They urinate elsewhere. Additionally, musk deer do not have antlers. Facebook Although the reason for this behavior is unknown, it is increasingly practiced during the mating season. It is listed as endangered by the IUCN because of overexploitation resulting in a probable serious population decline. However, musk deer establish and repeatedly use the same latrines for defecation. Photo about White-bellied musk deer or Himalayan musk deer Moschus leucogaster. 2008. Journal of Applied Animal Research: Vol. Accessed Moschus leucogaster Hodgson, 1839 – Himalayan Musk Deer. Musk is an important component in perfume and is also used in traditional medicinal practices. Wildscreen. Abweichend von den Hirschen weisen sie eine Gallenblase auf und das Euter der Weibc… The gestation period is 185 to 195 days. The musk gland attracts females during mating season, and the caudal gland is used to mark territory. Himalayan musk deer reside in the Himalayan mountain range, particularly within the countries of Bhutan, India, Nepal, and a small part of China. Himalayan Musk Deer (Moschus chrysogaster), Sagarmatha National Park / Nepal This shy Himalayan mammal species is listed by IUCN as Endangered because of a probable serious population decline. (On-line). Additional support has come from the Marisla Foundation, UM College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, Museum of Zoology, and Information and Technology Services. Accessed Classification, To cite this page: leucogaster, Alpine Musk Deer, Moschus sifanicus. "Musk Deer" offspring are produced in more than one group (litters, clutches, etc.) "Himalayan musk deer (Moschus moschiferus moschiferus)" Email: hbtlp@wlink.com.np [1] Contents. The Animal Diversity Web team is excited to announce ADW Pocket Guides! 2000. The unique feature of the Musk Deer are the canines, that stick out downwards from the mouth (larger in Males than in Females). ("Family Moschidae", 2009; Green, 1978; "Himalayan musk deer (Moschus moschiferus moschiferus)", 2010), Himalayan musk deer typically live for 10 to 14 years in the wild. (Timmins and Duckworth, 2008). ("Family Moschidae", 2009; "Musk Deer", 2009; Aryal, 2005; "Himalayan musk deer (Moschus moschiferus moschiferus)", 2010), Moschus leucogaster was once considered the same species as Moschus chrysogaster, as both species have similar life history traits and characteristics. Search in feature One to two young are typically born between May and June and nurse from their mother for about 2 months. A community forestry program intervened and initiated the incorporation of a sustainability plan which outlined the harvestable quantity of non-timber forest products on a yearly basis as well as guidelines for responsible harvesting practices which were adopted. In otherwords, Europe and Asia and northern Africa. This species is also known by the following name(s): Moschus chrysogaster ssp. The are no known adverse effects of Himalayan musk deer on humans. Sagarmatha Nationalpark. The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. Traps kill not only the desired males, but also females and young deer. When chased, Himalayan musk deer seek mountainside shelters in which to hide. Accessed Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex (complex III or cytochrome b-c1 complex) that is part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. (Aryal, 2005; "Himalayan musk deer (Moschus moschiferus moschiferus)", 2010) Himalayan musk deer mate between November and January, although some females may not mate until March. at http://arts.anu.edu.au/grovco/GrovesWangGrubb.pdf. Pp. at http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/13901. The canines break easily, but tooth growth is continuous. "Moschus leucogaster" Local communities are highly dependent on forests for their daily livelihood support. Additionally, Himalayan musk deer are sought by local people for their fur and meat, which is considered a delicacy. CITES lists the small number of Himalayan musk deer that inhabit China in Appendix II and all other Himalayan musk deer in Appendix I. Himalayan musk deer are threatened by hunting, habitat fragmentation, habitat reduction, and habitat destruction. Male Himalayan musk deer are quite territorial of other males and fight those which attempt to enter their territory. Topics ("Family Moschidae", 2009; Aryal, 2005), As herbivores, Himalayan musk deer facilitate seed dispersal in their environment. 1, pp. living in the northern part of the Old World. The ventral side of their bodies ranges from gray to white. Help us improve the site by taking our survey. www.ecolevol.org | 1 | ˘ˇˆ ORIGINAL RESEARCH Ecological correlates of Himalayan musk deer Moschus leucogaster Paras Bikram Singh1,2,3 | 4| Taxon Information Himalayan Musk Deer (Moschus leucogaster) is a species of genus Moschus of the family Moschidae. Moschus leucogaster was separated from Moschus chrysogaster based on skull size proportions, though it is difficult to distinguish one species from another by sight. Groves, C., W. Yingxiang, P. Grubb. 2011. Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species. Share. In addition, male Himalayan musk deer have a musk sac (between their reproduction organs and umbilicus) and a caudal gland (at the base of their tail), both of which play a role in communication. Reviewed-Annotation score: -Protein inferred from homology i. Image of china, animal, moschiferus - 104642627 However, musk deer establish and repeatedly use the same latrines for defecation. at http://www.ultimateungulate.com/Cetartiodactyla/Moschidae.html. Accessed However, musk deer establish and repeatedly use the same latrines for defecation. (On-line). As a result, males mark their territories by rubbing their caudal gland against vegetation. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), "Himalayan musk deer (Moschus moschiferus moschiferus)", 2010, "Musk deer facing risk of extinction", 2000, http://www.ultimateungulate.com/Cetartiodactyla/Moschidae.html, http://www.arkive.org/himalayan-musk-deer/moschus-leucogaster, http://dezi9or.com/c4n/wildindia/muskdeer/description.htm, http://www.burmalibrary.org/reg.burma/archives/200010/msg00023.html, http://www.itnc.org/FinalReportonMuskdeerManang.pdf, http://books.google.com/books?id=726qparJDBgC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=himalayan+musk+deer&source=bl&ots=tbhxfDClJ_&sig=_1yJ8yJ2YH9e4Y1Y2lJdF1QT7hc&hl=en&ei=CNK9Sa_qMoTFnQfe2LihBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=5&ct=result#PPA62,M1, http://arts.anu.edu.au/grovco/GrovesWangGrubb.pdf, http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=14200198, © 2020 Regents of the University of Michigan. 2020. Himalayan Musk Deer. The species is listed as an Endangered (EN) species by the IUCN red list of threatened animals. January 18, 2011 Accessed Job creation and income generating opportunities at a local level, where forest sustainability, social, and economical issues are a factor, are now closely monitored and product quality is controlled from harvest to finished product. Abstract . The white-bellied musk deer or Himalayan musk deer (Moschus leucogaster) is a musk deer species occurring in the Himalayas of Nepal, Bhutan, India, Pakistan and China.It is listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List because of overexploitation resulting in a probable serious population decline. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior ends. The ADW Team gratefully acknowledges their support. During this time, the young remain in hiding, independent of their mothers except when feeding. Nepal. ("Family Moschidae", 2009; "Musk Deer", 2009), Occasionally, Himalayan musk deer travel great distances at night to forage for food. In view of its solitary behaviour and need for dense cover, the musk deer probably relies chiefly on olfaction for communication. uses smells or other chemicals to communicate, a substance used for the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease. Although both sexes have long upper canines, the males' grow longer, up to 7 to 10 cm. Although many musk deer reside in one of several protected areas, poaching activities continue to increase as musk becomes more valuable. 1995. These efforts are helping to create sustainable supply chains that will benefit these communities for years to come while giving consumers high quality natural products and improving the conditions of key wildlife habitat. 56-64 in Threatened Deer. March 15, 2009 In other words, India and southeast Asia. 2010. defends an area within the home range, occupied by a single animals or group of animals of the same species and held through overt defense, display, or advertisement. Characteristics; Distribution and habitat; Ecology and behaviour The females demonstrate exhaustion and attempt to stay in hiding. The species is nocturnal, crepuscular, and elusive, making direct observation of habitat use and behavior difficult. at http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=14200198. Das Himalaya … at http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/13897. "Musk deer facing risk of extinction" Himalayan or white-bellied musk deer (Moschus leucogaster): found in the central Himalayas 11 Interesting facts about deer musk Here are some interesting facts about deer musk as well as about the deer who produce it. If none are easily found, the deer use their speed to run in circles, hoping to lose the predator. January 18, 2011 They depend on forests for timber, fuel wood, fodder, and collect non-timber forest products including medicinal and aromatic plants and sell them to the market as a source of income. at http://dezi9or.com/c4n/wildindia/muskdeer/description.htm. are members of the only extant genus of the family Moschidae. Himalayan musk deer are listed as endangered on both the IUCN Red List and the US Federal List. Plummer, J. forest biomes are dominated by trees, otherwise forest biomes can vary widely in amount of precipitation and seasonality. They consist of seven species, which mainly inhabit forests and mountainous areas of Asia (Yang et al., 2003). ("Family Moschidae", 2009; "Musk Deer", 2009; Aryal, 2005), Himalayan musk deer are herbivores and feed on what is seasonally available. 2009. (Timmins and Duckworth, 2008), Himalayan musk deer are thought to inhabit a similar habitat to their close relative Moschus chrysogaster, which occupies meadows, shrublands, and sparse forests, such as fir forests.