View Chapter 6 Outline - Autism Spectrum Disorder (1).docx from PSY 0130 at Atlantic City High School. B. If you see an advert for a fake treatment in the media, on a website or on social media, you can contact the Advertising Standards Authority. Autism spectrum disorder is not specific to any specific group, and it occurs in all racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups. It’s also possible that these signs are there, but they aren’t caused by autism. At the moment, people assigned male at birth are diagnosed with autism more often than people assigned female at birth. The child demonstrates difficulty modulating vocal volume. Learn more about safe, effective therapies. Like everyone else, autistic people can be happy and healthy in the right environment – however, the right environment for an autistic person can be different to the right environment for a non-autistic person. Repeat words or phrases over an… asked Apr 15, 2016 in Psychology by Angie. Psychologists are in the middle of a diagnostic upheaval. The latest study of twins showed that the environment was a bigger factor than genetics in children diagnosed with autism. name, location or any personal health conditions. Which of the following best describes the cause for autism spectrum disorders? However, autism can also develop when there’s no family history. Learn more about autism from autistic people. It describes a wide range of conditions. Some autistic people need little or no support. Select the statement below that best describes the causes of autism spectrum disorders. Which of the following statements best reflects what to expect for adults with autism spectrum disorder? Harmful and dangerous fake treatments include: There are some treatments that don’t have any evidence to suggest they’re helpful, but also don’t have evidence to suggest they’re harmful as long as they’re done safely. The increase in autism cases is likely due to increased awareness and changes in diagnostic criteria. There’s no cure for autism, but many people incorrectly believe there are ways to cure it, or to change the way autistic people experience and interact with the world. If you’re autistic, effective communication about your needs, and finding ways to have those needs met, can be helpful in reducing the distress that can lead to behaviour that challenges. Find out more. CDC is working to find out how many children have ASDs, discover the risk factors, and raise awareness of the signs. People also use the term ‘autism spectrum condition’ (ASC). 12–18 months 3–6 months 6–12 months 18–24 months Question 14 1 / 1 pts What is an example of intersensory redundancy? Not play “pretend” games (pretend to “feed” a doll) by 18 months 4. 5. If you’re an autistic adult, the decision to have therapies for things like social skills should be yours. Learn more about autism spectrum disorders, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment. Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a term used to describe a number of symptoms and behaviours which affect the way in which a group of people understand and react to the world around them. Currently, between 1 in 3 and 1 in 4 people diagnosed with autism are assigned female at birth. For example, some autism characteristics (things you think, feel and do) can make it hard to express yourself in social situations, but you may also be particularly knowledgeable and passionate about topics that interest you. Which of the following disorders was incorporated into the definition of autism spectrum disorders in the DSM-5? It usually appears in the first three years and typically continues throughout life. Find out more. Read more about characteristics of autism. People who have these conditions can be more likely to also have autism: The exact cause of autism is unknown, but researchers think it’s at least partly genetic – that autism can run in the family. Psychological therapies can help to manage conditions linked with autism, like anxiety, but psychological therapies aren’t a treatment for autism itself. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), usually called autism, is something you’re born with. Autistic children are often able to communicate best with those closest to them about what they enjoy and don’t enjoy. C. Parents who are ineffective at disciplining or rearing their children. The most common form of autism spectrum disorder is classic autism. There are a number of websites that can provide more information and advice for autistic people and their families: You can find information about local services and support using Scotland’s Service Directory. Behaviour that challenges can also be caused by: Behaviour that people can find challenging includes: Help is available for anyone experiencing distress that might result in behaviour that challenges. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability that affects an individual's ability to communicate (e.g., the ability to use language to express one's needs) and the ability to engage in social interaction (e.g., the ability to engage in joint attention). But people with ASD range from being very gifted to having severe challenges. They consider autism to be part of their identity, not a condition to be treated. There are ways you can adapt (change) and improve your environment to make it as comfortable and supportive as possible for you or your child. When was autism first identified as a specific syndrome? d. In DSM-5, ASD must be diagnosed before age … Autism is highly variable – the word ‘spectrum’ refers to how autism is experienced differently by different people. B. In this guide, we’ll mostly use the term ‘autistic’. For example, an autistic adult might want to learn extra social skills to improve their relationships at work, or a therapist may work with a child and parent to help them to develop their communication skills. With the autism spectrum given in DSM-5, all diagnostic ambiguities have been clarified. asked Jul 12, 2015 in Psychology by jonjon. A. Vaccinations, specifically the MMR vaccination B. Distant/cold parenting styles and unaffectionate maternal relationships C. Parents who are ineffective at disciplining or rearing their children D. The cause remains largely unknown. B) Fixated interests or preservation only appear in individuals with autism who are lower functioning. However, recognising autism can take longer for people assigned female at birth. What is autism spectrum disorder (ASD)? Which of the following statements represents the best view of the future for people with ASD, as presented in this course? There are no medical issues that co-occur with autism. Generally, people with autism both have difficulties with social communication and engage in repetitive behaviors. Because autism is present from birth, it can usually be diagnosed in childhood. However, there are some characteristics that are common in autistic people. autistic savant. While it can be challenging for the people around them, this behaviour is often a result of distress or frustration, particularly if an autistic person has difficulty with communicating. A. Vaccinations, specifically the MMR vaccination . If in doubt, you can always ask an autistic person what term they’d prefer. Environment is important to quality of life for autistic people. According to the U.S. Department of Education, what percentage of students are identified as deaf or hard of hearing? It causes children to demand increased social contact. Which statement best describes this characteristic? It’s important, for parents of autistic children in particular, to be aware that a meltdown isn’t a tantrum. A. Like everyone else, autistic people can display challenging behaviour if they’re in the wrong environment. These include special diets, such as gluten-free or casein-free diets. At what age does the American Academy of Pediatricians recommend that children first be screened for autism? Which of the following describes some aspect of how these appear in autism spectrum disorder? The causes of autism. D. The cause remains largely unknown. A meltdown or shutdown isn’t something an autistic person can control, and it’s caused by being overwhelmed. The term \"spectrum\" in autism spectrum disorder refers to the wide range of symptoms and severity.Autism spectrum disorder includes conditions that were previously considered separate — autism, Asperger's syndrome, childhood disinteg… Types of Autism Spectrum Disorders: It’s important to know that there are three quite different types of autism spectrum disorders: autistic disorder or what is called classic autism, Asperger syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder – not otherwise specified (atypical autism). This means that they have difficulties with day-to-day life due to their autistic traits and need to use their own ways of overcoming those difficulties, or the people in their life need to help them to overcome them, or both. A tantrum is something that a child can control, and tantrums often happen because a child wants something. Skill deficits and challenges associated with ASD will vary … In the past, autism was broken down into several different diagnoses, including: Because these diagnoses all had the characteristics of autism, they were removed and replaced with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or autism for short. There are a number of ways to identify a fake treatment. Asperger syndrome was, essentially, a synonym for "high functioning autism," while autistic disorder meant almost the sam… Autism and gender identity. There’s no way to predict whether a child will be autistic, even if one or both of their parents are autistic. Many people are diagnosed with autism as teenagers or adults based on noticing that they think and behave differently from most other people. Even if you aren’t diagnosed until adulthood, getting a diagnosis can be very helpful for identifying your strengths and the things you struggle with, and finding support. This means you can behave differently to most people, and have different strengths and difficulties. There are many incorrect beliefs about autism, particularly the causes of autism or the best ways to overcome the challenges often faced by autistic people. Two critical areas of assessment for students with autism spectrum disorders are progress in. "Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity" is included as part of which criterion for ASD diagnosis: If you have one child with autism, you have a 20% chance of having a second child with autism. The child demonstrates negative reactions to loud noises. Which of the following best describes the cause for autism spectrum disorders? The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) focuses on . Every autistic person is different and has different experiences. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), usually called autism, is something you’re born with. However, many autistic people do need additional understanding or support to overcome the challenges caused by having autistic characteristics in a society where most people don’t have them. Often these include challenges with communication, social skills, and repetitive or restricted behavior. Not point at objects to show interest (point at an airplane flying over) by 14 months 3. The causes are not definitively known at this time but appear to be a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Autism is a spectrum. Therapy techniques might need to be adapted to work for an autistic person. Check all that apply C Patients will often interact appropriately with their parents, but not other adults In some cases, patients will repeat questions rather than answering them. ) The disorder also includes limited and repetitive patterns of behavior. Autism is a complicated condition that includes problems in social, language, and communication skills. 4. A person with ASD might: 1. However, many autistic people can benefit from support in learning skills to overcome some of the difficulties they experience – this is different to forcing someone to change their behaviour. Services that assist teenagers and young adults to plan and set up support for their life when they leave high school. autism is best described as what? The causes are not definitively known at this time but appear to be a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Weis, Introduction to Abnormal Child and Adolescent Psychology, 3e, SAGE Publishing, 2018 Note: The characteristics of autism can affect you differently as you get older – you may also recognise some of the signs of autism in children in yourself as an adult. D. It is marked by inattention, impulsiveness, and a … Many autistic people feel autism is part of their identity, and not something to be cured or treated. Between the ages of 18 and 24 months at regular doctor visits. For a long time people used the term ‘person on the autism spectrum’, known as person-first language (for example, “I’m on the autism spectrum”), and some people still prefer this. Some people use other names for autism. NOT teaching pivotal skills like motivation. Don’t include personal information e.g. This doesn’t mean that everyone is ‘a little bit autistic’, or that autistic people don’t need support. Read more about finding the right environment. Autism Spectrum Disorder is now the most commonly given diagnosis. However, many autistic children talk at the same age a child without autism would. Until 2013, the DSM described the autism spectrum as a disorder that included five distinct diagnoses. Even though two colors may look similar, they each have a name of their own. According to the 2015 report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), what is the prevalence of the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in children? Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities in Autism Spectrum Disorder are manifested by TWO of the following: - Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, … People assigned female at birth can be more likely to ‘mask’ autism – they learn how to hide autism characteristics and copy what people without autism do, in order to fit into groups. You might also have developed coping strategies for environments you find difficult, changing the way you manage them. More research is being done to find out which genes cause autism – it’s thought to be caused by more than one. Current research is not clear if this increase due to a specific cause or due to improved knowledge, leading to higher rates of detecting and diagnosing these conditions. They can live like other people in their own homes and have jobs with the right planning and support. During a meltdown, an autistic person might try to make themselves feel less overwhelmed. People, organisations, or websites that promote fake treatments usually: Healthcare professionals have put together information on what treatments are safe and unsafe, and on ways to support autistic people effectively. There’s no cure for autism, and most autistic people wouldn’t want to be ‘cured’ even if it was possible. Sometimes, when a situation is too much to cope with due to sensory input (things you see, hear, feel, smell or taste), or being asked to do things that cause stress or distress, an autistic person can become overwhelmed. Autism spectrum disorder is not one but a group of disorders. Which of the following BEST describes the condition of this child? Autism spectrum disorder is an umbrella term for a group of related symptoms with multiple causes. The autism spectrum encompasses a range of neurodevelopmental conditions, including autism and Asperger syndrome, generally known as autism spectrum disorders (ASD).Individuals on the autistic spectrum experience difficulties with social communication and interaction and also exhibit restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. B. Distant/cold parenting styles and unaffectionate maternal relationships. Autism is shorthand for the medical term “Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Which of the following BEST describes the behaviors exhibited by this child? WebMD explains autism spectrum disorders, including Asperger's syndrome, Rett syndrome, PDD-NOS, and childhood disintegrative disorder. Boys are three to four times more likely to have autism than girls. To be diagnosed with autism, a person has to have a lot of autistic traits from birth, and those traits need to have a big effect on their life. Not respond to their name by 12 months of age 2. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the latest research on the probability of having more than one child with autism? It includes all types of autistic disorders and how they affect people in different degrees. b. The DSM-5 eliminated all of the following diagnoses except: Because there is a broad array of symptoms and impairments in people diagnosed with ASD that affect people in different ways. Autism Spectrum is just a broader term for the base disorder. This is because the signs healthcare professionals look for are the same for everyone, but people assigned female at birth can often show different characteristics. Applied behavior analysis (ABA) the science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied systematically to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for behavior change. Some environments can be very difficult for autistic people, due to the way they experience and interact with the world. What definition best describes autism spectrum disorder (ASD) a) complex developmental brain disorder caused by a combination of genetic and environmental influences. It's an umbrella term which includes autism, Asperger syndrome and pervasive developmental disorders. Autism means that the way you think about and experience the world is different to most people. When autistic people are in an environment with people who understand their individual needs and characteristics, they’re likely to: Because every autistic person is different, it can take time to understand how you experience different environments. Barriers can also be caused by people’s attitudes – for example, many people will assume someone is lying because they don’t make eye contact while talking. The DSM is the official publication of the American Psychiatric Association which defines psychiatric and developmental disorders.3 While it has no legal status, the DSM does have an enormous impact on the way insurers, schools, and other service providers think about and treat autism. Select the statement below that best describes the causes of autism spectrum disorders. Asperger syndrome. Avoid eye contact and want to be alone 5. If you see someone promoting a fake or harmful treatment on social media or a web forum, you can make a report to the administrators of that online community. Why is autism spectrum disorder referred to as a "spectrum"? There are a number of other possible signs that a healthcare professional will look for when assessing if someone is autistic. If someone tries to sell you a fake treatment, you can report them to Trading Standards. These disorders are characterized by specific signs and symptoms that commonly include repetitive behavior patterns, speech, social skills, and communication challenges. If you’re unsure about any treatment, ask your GP or the healthcare professional who supports you or your child. As more healthcare professionals now know what characteristics to look for, it’s becoming more common for people assigned female at birth to receive an autism diagnosis. Which term best describes Jeremy? The social model of disability can be a helpful way of considering the difficulties someone faces, and how to adapt their environment so it works for them. Autism spectrum disorder is the diagnostic label given to a broad category of neurodevelopmental disorders.. As you age and experience different environments, you might notice different signs of autism. Interventions that aim to ‘train out’ behaviours (like repetitive movements, for example) or force autistic people to behave like non-autistic people are unethical and often harmful. Each color has a different intensity of the base color. Which of the following statements is true regarding the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder? an intellectual disability. find it hard to be understood in conversations, find it hard to work out when to talk in conversations – you might never get to say what you want to say, or find yourself talking over other people, find it easier to communicate with other autistic people, be able to talk for a long time about the subjects that particularly interest you, show a great deal of enthusiasm for talking about subjects that interest you, but experience significant difficulty when trying to talk about other people’s interests, be able to answer other people’s questions, but struggle to know what questions to ask or how to answer when someone tells you something about themselves, find other people say you use a lot of long words, or use longer or more complicated words than most people, often use the same phrases when you’re talking, struggle with hidden meanings when other people are talking to you – it might be difficult for you to understand a ‘hint’, or notice when someone is flirting with you, find people can take the wrong meaning from your words or behaviour – for example, if you make a lot of eye contact, they might think you’re flirting with them, find eye contact uncomfortable, or struggle to know how much eye contact to use, do well when you’re in your routine, but find it difficult when routines change – changes might make you feel anxious, make it hard to concentrate, or mean you have to work harder on things it’d normally be easy to do, struggle to imagine things that you haven’t experienced before – for example, if you’re going to a party for the first time, it might be hard for you to imagine what will happen and what you’ll be expected to do, find yourself making social mistakes without realising why – for example, during conversations you might not realise there are things other people would rather not talk about, or don’t think are important to talk about, have a lot of knowledge on particular topics, and spend a lot of time learning about them and telling others about them, have a hobby you feel very passionate about and spend a lot of time on, find it hard to start a new activity but get very focused on it once you get started – you might be able to focus on it better than most people, find it difficult to stop doing an activity you’re very focused on, even if you need to move on to something else – you might forget to eat or sleep, spend a lot of time being careful to avoid making social mistakes, or trying to make sure you don’t accidentally hurt anyone’s feelings, find that other people struggle to understand your feelings from your face or tone of voice, find that your friends are often older or younger than you, find that your friends tend to be autistic people, have to ask people to explain idioms (phrases that say one thing, when they’re actually talking about something else), for example: “we’ll cross that bridge when we come to it”, which means “we’ll talk about that problem later”, have a clear idea of right and wrong, and strong views on issues that are important to you – you might struggle to understand exceptions to rules, or ‘grey areas’, find a lot of people don’t understand your sense of humour, and you might not understand why their jokes are funny, be trusting, and find people can often take advantage of you, find it hard to work out when someone is being unkind, have a strong negative reaction to sounds, smells, sights, and things you can touch – for example, being unable to wear certain types of clothing or find it overwhelming being in places with a lot of different noises, like gyms, have a strong positive reaction to sounds, smells, sights, and things you can touch – for example, enjoying flashing, multi-coloured lights in nightclubs or how loud the music is at a concert, seek out certain sounds, smells, feelings or tastes because you find them particularly calming – for example, coloured lights or soft clothing and blankets, find making repetitive movements (often with your hands, fingers or legs) or sounds calming or enjoyable, find it more difficult than most people to communicate in interviews – for example, talking about your skills – which can make it hard to get a job, find it more difficult than most people to keep a job – you may be good at your work, but it might be hard to have good relationships with colleagues and managers, have a lot of knowledge or feel very passionate about a subject that’s useful for your work or studies, find it difficult or frustrating when rules or ways of doing things don’t make sense to you, find it more difficult than most people would to work on a project or task that has unclear instructions for how to complete it, find socialising hard work – when others seem to have a lot of energy after meeting a group of friends, for example, you might feel exhausted, have had relationships with friends or partners end because you couldn’t understand how each other thought, behaved, and communicated, find it difficult to make ‘small talk’ – meaning conversation about day-to-day things such as the weather – or understand the reasons for making small talk, enjoy spending time with other people, but find activities that don’t have clear ‘rules’ or a schedule – for example, going to parties or nightclubs – difficult because you aren’t sure what to do, prefer meeting up with people to do structured activities, like cooking or taking part in a shared hobby or interest, have a lot of detailed knowledge about a particular topic or hobby and feel very passionate about it, find that the hobbies or topics you’re particularly passionate about have changed several times in your life, find other people often misunderstand you, or seem upset by things you say even if you don’t mean to upset them, find it hard to understand why people around you see a situation one way, and not the way you understand it, find change more difficult than most people do – things that disrupt your daily routine, like changes to your job or going on holiday, can make you feel stressed and anxious, have a strong negative reaction to sounds, smells, sights, and things you can touch – for example, being unable to wear certain types of clothing or find it overwhelming being in places with a lot of different noises, like busy buses or trains, have a strong positive reaction to sounds, smells, sights, and things you can touch – for example, enjoying lying under a weighted blanket, or the loudness of the music at a concert, neurofibromatosis – a number of genetic conditions that cause tumours to grow along the nerves (the main types are neurofibromatosis type 1 and neurofibromatosis type 2), rare genetic conditions, including fragile X syndrome, tuberous sclerosis and Rett syndrome, help with communicating, both for autistic people and the people in their lives, groups for autistic people to share experiences and advice, sensory assessments and support with an occupational therapist to help find ways of managing and improving your environment and how you experience the world, training courses for loved ones, to help them understand autism and offer the best possible support, trying to get away from people – for example by running away or hiding, trying to get people away from them – for example by shouting, screaming, hitting, or acting aggressively, trying to meet sensory needs – for example, wanting to do something because it feels nice, like rubbing soaps and creams all over themselves and the walls, wanting something – for example, being hungry or wanting to play with a toy, needing assistance or attention – for example, because they're bored or want help with a project at school, trying to escape an environment or the people around them, but doing so in a way that can be dangerous or harmful, such as running into the road, being destructive – breaking things, for example, being disruptive – making noise in class or throwing things, for example, sensory changes – for example, being given a quiet space to work, being able to use sensory toys like fidget spinners, or being allowed to make noises while working, communication changes – for example, using email or apps to communicate, using very clear language, allowing additional time to ask questions, or using visual communication such as photos or pictures as well as written words, routine – keeping to a regular routine and giving warning of any changes as far in advance as possible, any treatment that aims to ‘train out’ autistic behaviours, like forcing someone to stop making repetitive movements, any treatment that aims to train autistic people to do things that cause them distress, in an attempt to change their behaviour and remove autistic characteristics, hyperbaric oxygen therapy – treatment with oxygen in a pressurised chamber, chelation therapy, which uses medication or other methods to remove metal from the body, chlorine dioxide (CD), also called Mineral Miracle Solution (MMS) – this is a bleach solution given via enema which can cause severe distress and physical harm, neurofeedback – where an autistic person’s brain activity is monitored, usually by placing electrodes on their head, so they can see their brain activity on a screen and be told how to change it, facilitated communication – where a therapist or another person supports and guides an autistic person's hand or arm while using a device such as a computer keyboard or mouse, auditory integration training – this involves an autistic person listening to music that has changes in tone, pitch, and volume, claim to ‘cure’ autism or help people ‘recover’ from autism, claim the treatment works quickly or instantly, claim the treatment can be done at home by anyone, and you don’t need training or qualifications, claim you can’t trust doctors to be honest with you, or say “doctors don’t want you to know about this”, ask autistic people, or parents of children with autism, to rely on their knowledge of their body or their child’s body instead of considering scientific evidence that can tell you whether a treatment is harmful or helpful, have no scientific evidence to prove they work, such as peer-reviewed studies or information from the NHS, mainly use personal stories as evidence that they work, which makes it hard to tell if the stories are true, advertise themselves with words like ‘miracle’, ‘faith’, and ‘trust’, or use religious phrases, charge a lot of money, and often require money to be paid on a regular basis, promote treatments for autism that aren’t available on the NHS, or claim to be ‘experimental’. 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